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Jean Pierre de Caussade

      Jean Pierre de Caussade S.J. was a French Catholic Jesuit writer known for his work Abandonment to Divine Providence (also translated as The Sacrament of the Present Moment) and his posthumously-published letters of instruction to the Nuns of the Visitation at Nancy, where he spiritual director from 1733-1740, although he continued to write the sisters after leaving Nancy.

      While he is best known for his work with the sisters, he also spent years as preacher in southern and central France, as a college rector (at Perpignan and at Albi) and as the director of theological students at the Jesuit house in Toulouse. Caussade is remembered for, among other things, his belief that the present moment is a sacrament from God and that self-abandonment to it and its needs is a holy state - a belief which, at first glance, would appear to be heretical relative to Catholic dogma. In fact, because of this fear (especially with the Church's condemnation of the Quietiest movement), Caussade's instructions to the sisters were kept unpublished until 1861, and even then they were edited to protect them from charges of Quietism. A more authoritative version of these notes was published only in 1966. It is clear in his writings that he is aware of the Quietists and that he rejects their perspective.

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In fact, it is known from tales brought back by missionaries that the Japanese version of The Sinner's Guide was one of the bullwarks that sustained the faith of the Japanese Catholics during two centuries of terrible persecution, when both in Europe and Japan, Japanese Christianity was believed dead. In 1865, when missionaries were again allowed into Japan, missionary Father Bernard Petitjean was astonished to find in the hills around Nagasaki thousands of Japanese Catholics who had kept the Faith, hidden but vital, without priests, for over 200 years! Immense was the joy of these faithful ones at once again having a Catholic priest among them. The Sinner's Guide had played a providential role in sustaining the Faith in their souls during that trying time.
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that envying the prosperity of others does not alleviate your own misery, but rather increases it.
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Above all, consider the merits and sufferings of Christ, which are our principal title to God's grace and mercy, and which form the treasure whence the Church supplies the necessities of her children. It was from a confidence inspired by such motives that the saints drew that strength which rendered them as firm as Mount Sion, and established them in the holy city whence they never could be moved. (Cf. Ps. 124:1). Yet, notwithstanding these powerful reasons for hope, it is deplorable that this virtue should still be so weak in us. We lose heart at the first appearance of danger, and go down into Egypt hoping for help from Pharaoh (Cf. Is. 30:2) – that is, we turn to creatures instead of God. There are many servants of God who zealously devote themselves to fasting, prayer, and almsgiving, but few who possess the confidence with which the virtuous ï Susanna was animated, even when condemned to death and led to execution. (Cf. Dan. 13). Read the Holy Scriptures, particularly the Psalms and the writings of the prophets, and you will find abundant motives for unfailing hope in God.
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Hate no man. Love your friends in God, and your enemies for God. He so loved you while you were still His enemy that He shed the last drop of His Blood to save you from the tyranny of your sins.   Your neighbor may be wicked, but that is no reason for hating him. In such a case imitate the example of a wise physician, who loves his patient, but hates his disease. We must abhor sin, which is the work of man, but we must always love our neighbor, who is the work of God. Never say in your heart: "What is my neighbor to me? I owe him nothing. We are bound by no ties of blood or interest. He has never done me a favor, but has probably injured me." Reflect rather on the benefits which God unceasingly bestows upon you, and remember that all He asks in return is that you be charitable and generous, not to Him, for He has no need of you or your possessions, but to your neighbor, whom He has recommended to your love.
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There is not a single person who cannot easily reach the highest degree of perfection by performing every duty, no matter how commonplace, with eager love.
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And what is this hundredfold which the just receive in this life? Honors, riches, titles, and dignities are not their portion; the greater number of the just lead hidden, obscure lives, forgotten by the world and overwhelmed with infirmities. How, then, does God fulfill His infallible promise to give them a hundredfold even in this life? Ah! It is not with the perishable goods of this world that He will reward His servants.   Joy and peace and happiness are the spiritual treasures with which the liberality of our God enriches those who love Him. These are the blessings which the world does not know, and which the wealth of the world can never buy. And how fitting this is; for as man does not live by bread alone, so the craving of his soul cannot be satisfied by anything short of spiritual blessings.   Study the lives of the saints, and you will see that they have received the hundredfold promised in this life. In exchange for the false riches which they forsook, they received true riches which they can bear with them to eternity. For the turmoil and conflicts of the world, they received that "peace which surpasseth all understanding." Their tears, their fasting, and their prayers brought them more joy and consolation than they could ever hope to obtain from the fleeting pleasures of this life.
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Let our prayers, then, be with St. Bernard: "Give me, O Lord, tribulations through life, that I may never be separated from Thee!" (Serm. 17 in Ps. 90).
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We must be active in all that the present moment demands of us, but in everything else remain passive and abandoned and do nothing but peacefully wait the promptings of God.
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If anger urges that your enemy does not deserve forgiveness, ask yourself how far you have merited God's pardon. Will you have God exercise only mercy toward you, when you pursue your neighbor with implacable hatred?
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We should run too great a risk of losing everything by our vain imaginations if God were to give us, at once, all the perfection we desired. The inordinate love of our own excellence would carry us to as high a flight as Lucifer, but only like him, to fall into the abyss of pride. God, who knows our weakness in this respect, allows us to grovel like worms in the mud of our imperfections, until He finds us capable of being raised without feeling any foolish self-satisfaction, or any contempt of others.
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But I seek a light exceeding all light, which the eyes cannot see; a voice sweeter than all sound, which the ear cannot hear; a sweetness above all sweetness, which the tongue cannot taste; a fragrance above all fragrance, which the senses cannot perceive; a mysterious and divine embrace, which the body cannot feel. For this light shines without radiance, this voice is heard without striking the air, this fragrance is perceived though the wind does not bear it, this taste inebriates with no palate to relish it, and this embrace is felt in the center of the soul." (Conf., L.10, 6; Solil., c. 31).
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Libres, por su situación, de casi todas las obligaciones exteriores, estas almas son poco aptas para el trato mundano o para los negocios, lo mismo que para las reflexiones o conductas complicadas. No es fácil servirse de ellas para nada, y más bien dan la imagen de personas débiles de cuerpo y de espíritu, de imaginación y de pasiones. No se les ocurre nada, no piensan en nada, no preven nada, no se toman a pecho nada. Son, por decirlo así, muy bastas, y no se ve en ellas el adorno que la cultura, el estudio y la reflexión dan al hombre. Se ve en ellas lo que la naturaleza muestra en los niños que no han recibido aún formación alguna de sus maestros. Son en ellas patentes ciertos pequeños defectos, de los que no son más culpables que esos niños sin formación, pero que chocan más vistos en ellas que en éstos. Y es que Dios despoja a estas almas de todo, menos de la inocencia, para que no tengan nada sino a Él mismo.
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When man rebelled against God, the passions rebelled against reason – and from this arose all the difficulties which we encounter in the practice of virtue. Thus we see that many who appreciate virtue refuse to practice it, just as sick men earnestly desire health, but refuse the unpalatable remedies which alone would restore it. As this repugnance is the principal barrier to virtue, which, when known, is always valued and loved, if we succeed in proving that there is little foundation for such repugnance we shall have accomplished a good work.
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El mundo, que ignora este misterio, y que sólo juzga por las apariencias, no encuentra en estas almas absolutamente nada de lo que él le agrada y estima. Las rechaza y desprecia. Más aún, vienen a hacerse piedras de escándalo para todos. Cuanto más se las conoce, menos se entienden y más oposición suscitan. En realidad, no se sabe qué decir o pensar de ellas. Hay algo, sin embargo, no se sabe qué, que habla a su favor. Pero en lugar de seguir este instinto, o al menos en lugar de suspender el juicio, se prefiere seguir la malignidad. Y así se espía sus acciones con mala intención, y lo mismo que los fariseos reprobaban las maneras de Jesús, se mira a estas almas con prejuicios negativos, que todo lo hacen parecer ridículo o culpable.
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Since it is the property and function of grace to make us virtuous, we must love virtue and abhor sin, which we cannot do if the understanding be not divinely enlightened to discern the malice of sin and the beauty of virtue. For the will, according to philosophers and theologians, is a blind faculty, incapable of acting without the guidance of the intellect, which points out the good it should choose and love, and the evil it should reject and hate. The same is true of fear, of hope, and of hatred for sin. We can never acquire these sentiments without a just knowledge of the goodness of God and the malice of sin.
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Y a esto se junta que estas pobres almas se ven a sí mismas como inferiores. Unidas simplemente a Dios por la fe y el amor, todo lo sensible que ven en sí mismas les parece un desorden. Y eso les previene aún más contra sí mismas, cuando se comparan con quien pasan por santos, personas bien capaces de sujetarse a reglas y métodos, que en toda su personas y sus acciones dan un testimonio de vida ordenada. Entonces, la vista de sí mismas les llena de confusión y les resulta insoportable. De ahí nacen así, del fondo de su corazón, suspiros y gemidos amargos, que no expresan sino ese exceso de dolor y de aflicción que les abruma. Acordémonos de que Jesús era Dios y hombre al mismo tiempo; él estaba aniquilado como hombre, y como Dios, lleno de gloria. Estas almas, sin participar de su gloria, sienten sólo esas aniquilaciones que en ellas producen sus tristes y dolorosas apariencias. A los ojos del mundo vienen a ser lo que era Jesús a los ojos de Herodes y de su corte.
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What a subject is this for our contemplation! "The same fire," says St. Chrysostom, "which purifies gold, consumes wood; so in the fire of tribulation the just acquire new beauty and perfection, while the wicked, like dry wood, are reduced to ashes." (Hom.14 in Matt.1). St. Cyprian expresses the same thought by another illustration: "As the wind in harvest time scatters the chaff but cleanses the wheat, so the winds of adversity scatter the wicked but purify the just." (De Unitate Eccl.).   The passage of the children of Israel through the Red Sea is still another figure of the same truth. Like protecting walls the waters rose on each side of the people, and gave them a safe passage to the dry land; but as soon as the Egyptian army with its king and chariots had entered the watery breach, the same waves closed upon them and buried them in the sea. In like manner the waters of tribulation are a preservation to the just, while to the wicked they are a tempestuous gulf which sweeps them into the abyss of rage, of blasphemy, and of despair.
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What a festival and never-ending feast is ours! God ceaselessly gives himself and is received with no pomp and circumstance, but hidden beneath all that is weak and foolish and worthless.
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Consider also the sufferings which Our Saviour endured from creatures. He was bruised, and buffeted, and spat upon. With what patience He bore the mockery of the multitude! With what resignation he drank the bitter draught of vinegar and gall! How willingly He embraced the death of the cross to deliver us from eternal death! How, then, can you, a vile worm of the earth, presume to complain of sufferings which you have justly merited by your sins – those sins for which the spotless Lamb of God was immolated? He would teach us by His example that unless we strive for the mastery legitimately – that is, courageously and perseveringly – we shall not be crowned. (Cf. 2Tim. 2:5).
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Ahora bien, si alguno se sale de la costumbre común, enseguida se le abruma con normas, reglas y métodos. Y si él no pasa por ello, y no acepta lo que el arte de la piedad ha establecido, o si no lo observa con constancia, la cosa es clara: todos temen por él, y su camino resulta claramente sospechoso. Ahora bien, ¿no es cosa sabida que todas las prácticas, por buenas y santas que sean, no son, después de todo, sino caminos que conducen a la unión con Dios? ¿Para que, pues, ha de ejercitarse en ellas aquél que no está ya en el camino, sino en la meta? Los pasados métodos han perdido para ella toda su utilidad, y no son más que un camino ya recorrido, que quedó atrás. Exigirle, pues, al alma que vuelva a adoptar aquellos métodos o que continúe siguiéndolos, equivale a pretender que abandone el término al que llegó, para volver al camino que a él le condujo.
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