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Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:12

The merchandise of gold, and silver - Of course, these constitute an important article of commerce in a great city.And precious stones - Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, etc. These have always been important articles of traffic in the world, and, of course, most of the traffic in them would find its way to great commercial cities.And pearls - See the notes on Matthew 7:6; Matthew 13:46. These, too, have been always, and were, particularly in early times, valuable articles of commerce. Mr. Gibbon... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:13

And cinnamon - Cinnamon is the aromatic bark of the Laurus Cinnamomam, which grows in Arabia, India, and especially in the island of Ceylon. It was formerly, as it is now, a valuable article in the Oriental trade.And odours - Aromatics employed in religious worship, and for making perfumes. Mr. Gibbon (vol. i. p. 34) mentions, among the articles of commerce and luxury, in the age of the Antonines, “a variety of aromatics that were consumed in religious worship and the pomp of funerals.” It is... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:14

And the fruits that thy soul lusted after - Literally, “the fruits of the desire of thy soul.” The word rendered “fruits” - ὀπώρα opōra - properly means, “late summer; dog-days,” the time when Sirius, or the Dog-star, is predominant. In the East this is the season when the fruits ripen, and hence the word comes to denote fruit. The reference is to any kind of fruit that would be brought for traffic into a great city, and that would be regarded as an article of luxury.Are departed from thee -... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:15

The merchants of these things - Who trafficked in these things, and who supplied the city with them, Revelation 18:11.Which were made rich by her - By traffic with her.Shall stand afar off - Revelation 18:10.For fear of her torment - Struck with terror by her torment, so that they did not dare to approach her, Revelation 18:10. read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:16

And saying, Alas, alas ... - notes on Revelation 18:10.That was clothed in fine linen - In the previous description Revelation 18:12-13, these are mentioned as articles of traffic; here the city, under the image of a female, is represented as clothed in the most rich and frivolous of these articles.And purple, and scarlet - See the notes on Revelation 17:3-4. Compare Revelation 18:12 of this chapter.And decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls - notes on Revelation 17:4. read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:17

For in one hour - In a very brief period - so short, that it seemed to them to be but one hour. In the prediction Revelation 18:8, it is said that it would be “in one day” (see the notes on that place); here it is said that, to the on-lookers, it seemed to be but an hour. There is no inconsistency, therefore, between the two statements.So great riches is come to nought - All the accumulated wealth of so great and rich a city. This should have been united with Revelation 18:16, as it is a part... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:18

And cried ... - That is, as they had a deep interest in it, they would, on their own account, as well as hers, lift up the voice of lamentation.What city is like unto this great city? - In her destruction. What calamity has ever come upon a city like this? read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:19

And they cast dust on their heads - A common sign of lamentation and mourning among the Orientals. See the notes on Job 2:12.By reason of her costliness - The word rendered “costliness” - τιμιότητος timiotētos - means, properly, “preciousness, costliness”; their magnificence, costly merchandise. The luxury of a great city enriches many individuals, however much it may impoverish itself.For in one hour is she made desolate - So it seemed to them. See the notes on Revelation 18:17. read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:9-11

Revelation 18:9-11. And the kings of the earth, &c. Even the chief rulers and great powers of the world, who were formerly in league with her, and supported her in her corruptions, practised her idolatries, and lived deliciously with her Shared in the pomp and luxury of her prosperous state; shall bewail her, &c. Shall not be able to afford her any support or defence, or to do any more than fruitlessly condole with her, and lament her sad condition, when they shall behold all... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:12-14

Revelation 18:12-14. The merchandise, &c. There is an end of all traffic or commerce with her, whether spiritual or temporal; of gold and silver, &c. Almost all the things here named are still in use at Rome, both in their idolatrous service and in common life; fine linen The sort of which here mentioned, βυσσος , is exceedingly costly; thyine-wood A sweet- smelling wood, not unlike citron, used in adorning magnificent palaces. Vessels of most precious wood Ebony in... read more

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