Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible - Mark 3:13-19
Mark 3:13-Psalms : . The Appointment of the Twelve.— That Jesus associated with Himself an inner circle of twelve men is not open to reasonable question. If the number twelve be mythical, it must be suggested by the twelve tribes of Israel. The fact that His own ministry was confined to Israel, makes it natural for Jesus Himself to have acted on the suggestion. To trace the number, with the exponents of the Christ-myth, to the signs of the Zodiac, or the twelve apostles of the Jewish... read more
Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible - Mark 3:18-19
‘And Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholemew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot who also betrayed him.’ Andrew was the brother of Peter (John 1:40). That they are not put together in the list demonstrates that this was not Mark’s method (contrast Matthew). Thus James the son of Alphaeus (is this the James the Little of Mark 14:40?) may have been brother to Levi the son of Alphaeus (Mark 2:14), the latter being... read more