Psalms 139

A fine account of the omniscience of God, Psalm 139:1-6 ; of his omnipresence, Psalm 139:7-12 ; of his power and providence Psalm 139:13-16 . The excellence of his purposes, Psalm 139:17 , Psalm 139:18 . His opposition to the wicked, Psalm 139:19 , Psalm 139:20 ; with whom the godly can have no fellowship, Psalm 139:21 , Psalm 139:22 .

The title of this Psalm in the Hebrew is, To the chief Musician, or, To the Conqueror, A Psalm of David. The Versions in general follow the Hebrew. And yet, notwithstanding these testimonies, there appears internal evidence that the Psalm was not written by David, but during or after the time of the captivity, as there are several Chaldaisms in it. See Psalm 139:2 , Psalm 139:3 , Psalm 139:7 , Psalm 139:9 , Psalm 139:19 , Psalm 139:20 , collated with Daniel 2:29 , Daniel 2:30 ; Daniel 4:16 ; Daniel 7:28 ; some of these shall be noticed in their proper places.

As to the author, he is unknown; for it does not appear to have been the work of David. The composition is worthy of him, but the language appears to be lower than his time.

Concerning the occasion, there are many conjectures which I need not repeat, because I believe them unfounded. It is most probable that it was written on no particular occasion, but is a moral lesson on the wisdom, presence, providence, and justice of God, without any reference to any circumstance in the life of David, or in the history of the Jews.

The Psalm is very sublime; the sentiments are grand, the style in general highly elevated, and the images various and impressive. The first part especially, that contains so fine a description of the wisdom and knowledge of God, is inimitable.

Bishop Horsley's account of this Psalm is as follows: -

"In the first twelve verses of this Psalm the author celebrates God's perfect knowledge of man's thoughts and actions; and the reason of this wonderful knowledge, viz., that God is the Maker of man. Hence the psalmist proceeds, in the four following verses, Psalm 139:13-16 , to magnify God as ordaining and superintending the formation of his body in the womb. In the 17th and 18th ( Psalm 139:17 , Psalm 139:18 ;) he acknowledges God's providential care of him in every moment of his life; and in the remainder of the Psalm implores God's aid against impious and cruel enemies, professing his own attachment to God's service, that is, to the true religion, and appealing to the Searcher of hearts himself for the truth of his professions."

The composition, for the purity and justness of religious sentiment, and for the force and beauty of the images, is certainly in the very first and best style. And yet the frequent Chaldaisms of the diction argue no very high antiquity.