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Verse 1

The elder — In a familiar letter John gives himself a less authoritative designation than “apostle”; so :-.

lady — Bengel takes the Greek as a proper name Kyria, answering to the Hebrew “Martha.” Being a person of influence, “deceivers” ( :-) were insinuating themselves into her family to seduce her and her children from the faith [Tirinus], whence John felt it necessary to write a warning to her. (But see my Introduction and see on :-). A particular Church, probably that at Babylon, was intended. “Church” is derived from Greek “Kuriake,” akin to Kuria, or Kyria here; the latter word among the Romans and Athenians means the same as ecclesia, the term appropriated to designate the Church assembly.

love in the truth — Christian love rests on the Christian truth ( :-, end). Not merely “I love in truth,” but “I love in THE truth.”

all — All Christians form one fellowship, rejoicing in the spiritual prosperity of one another. “The communion of love is as wide as the communion of faith” [Alford].

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