Jeremiah 1:10

set thee = not only appointed, but installed.

to root out = to declare that nations should be rooted out, &c. Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject). Note also the Figure of speech Polyonymia, for emphasis.

and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, &c. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton , and see note above.

build, and to plant = to declare that others (Israel and Judah) should be restored. Compare Ezekiel 17:22-24 . A prophecy still future.