Verse 15
harlot = wanton. Not the same word as in Hosea 4:14 , though the symbol is similar.
Judah. Compare Hosea 1:7 .
Gilgal. Jeroboam had erected an idolatrous temple there. See Hosea 9:15 ; Hosea 12:11 .Amos 4:4 ; Amos 5:5 . Compare Judges 3:19 . There, too, they had rejected Jehovah as king (1 Samuel 7:16 ; 1 Samuel 10:8 ; 1 Samuel 11:14 , 1 Samuel 11:15 ). See note on Hosea 9:15 .
Beth-aven = house of naught. Put for Beth-el (= the house of GOD), now profaned by Jeroboam (1 Kings 12:28-33 ; 1 Kings 13:1 .Amos 3:14; Amos 3:14 ). The prophecy fulfilled in Jeremiah 48:13 . See also 2 Kings 10:29 ; 2 Kings 17:6-23 .Amos 7:13 .
nor swear, &c. Compare Amos 8:14 .Zephaniah 1:5 .
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