Isaiah 27:1

The defeat of Israel’s enemies 27:1

Leviathan was something very horrific (Job 3:8). It seems to have been a water beast either in reality or in myth (Job 41). The psalmist used it figuratively to describe Egypt, a powerful and deadly enemy of Israel (Psalms 104:26). Thus Leviathan was a symbol of the immense power arrayed against the Lord’s people. It was also a figure in Canaanite mythology. Isaiah’s reference to it does not mean he believed in the Canaanite myth. He simply used a term used in mythology to illustrate. Similarly, Christian preachers sometimes refer to fictional characters without believing that they really exist. [Note: See John N. Day, "God and Leviathan in Isaiah 27:1," Bibliotheca Sacra 155:620 (October-December 1998):423-36; and Meredith G. Kline, "Death, Leviathan, and the Martyrs: Isaiah 24:1-27:1," in A Tribute to Gleason Archer, pp. 229-49.] Here Leviathan’s descriptions suggest that this dragon-like creature glides swiftly (possibly through the air, as a spirit being), that it is a deadly foe (like a coiling serpent), and that it inhabits the sea (a place notoriously uncontrollable by humans). In short, it seems to stand for the strong spiritual enemies of God’s people. Some interpreters believe Isaiah had in mind Satan himself (cf. Isaiah 24:21)-who occupies the air, the land, and the sea; he infests the whole creation. God will punish Satan and his host in the future (cf. Isaiah 24:22-23). [Note: Motyer, pp. 221-22; Dyer, in The Old . . ., pp. 547, 549.] Another view is that the swift serpent is an allusion to the fairly straight Tigris River, the coiling serpent to the more twisting Euphrates River, and the dragon by the sea to Egypt (the Nile River). Thus Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt are in view. [Note: Grogan, p. 170; cf. Archer, p. 627.] Still other interpreters favor taking the monsters and locations as representing all of Israel’s human enemies. [Note: E.g., Young, 2:234-35. Cf. Delitzsch, 1:454-55.] I think the passage pictures God’s punishment of Israel’s enemies at the Second Coming. [Note: See also J. Martin, p. 1076.]