Zechariah 4:6

The angel announced a word of explanation from Yahweh that Zechariah was to pass on to Zerubbabel, the descendant of David who became the leader of the first group of returnees from exile. [Note: See David L. Petersen, "Zerubbabel and Jerusalem Temple Reconstruction," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 36:3 (1974):366-72.] He was to tell him, "not by might [Heb. hayil] nor by power [Heb. koah] but by the Spirit [Heb. ruah] of Yahweh of hosts."

"This principle is an elliptical sentence: ’Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the Lord of hosts,’ a kind of motto, as it were, to guide all endeavors and enterprises of the nation in these evil days. If we were to complete the ellipsis we might formulate the statement somewhat after the following fashion: If success is to be gained in the achievements of the people of God it will not be secured by what man can do but by the Spirit’s work." [Note: Leupold, p. 87. See also Thurman Wisdom, "’Not by Might, nor by Power, but by My Spirit,’" Biblical Viewpoint 24:2 (November 1990):19-26.]

Since Zerubbabel was leading the rebuilding of the temple and the restoration of the community, the Lord’s word to him was a word of encouragement. These restorations would not need an army of workers, as Solomon’s temple did (1 Kings 5:13-18), nor unusually strong laborers. The strength of the workers, in fact, failed because the work was so strenuous (cf. Nehemiah 4:10). The work would succeed because of the supernatural grace (help) that the Lord would provide by His Spirit (cf. Genesis 1:2; Exodus 15:8; Exodus 15:10; Exodus 28:3; Exodus 31:3; Numbers 11:17-29; Judges 3:10; Judges 6:34; Judges 11:29; Judges 13:25; Judges 14:6; Judges 14:19; Judges 15:14; Judges 15:19; 2 Samuel 22:16; Ezekiel 37:1-14). This is, of course, true of any work that seeks to carry out God’s will in the world (cf. 2 Corinthians 12:9).