Verse 12
Paul here anticipated the national repentance of Israel that he articulated later (Romans 11:26). God promised to bless the world through Israel (Genesis 12:1-3). How much more blessing will come to the world when Israel turns back to God than is coming to the world now while she is in rebellion against God!
"While pleroma probably has a qualitative denotation-’fullness’-the context and the parallel with Romans 11:25 suggest that this ’fullness’ is attained through a numerical process. Paul would then be suggesting that the present ’defeat’ of Israel, in which Israel is numerically reduced to a small remnant, will be reversed by the addition of far greater numbers of true believers: this will be Israel’s destined ’fullness.’" [Note: Moo, p. 690.]
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