Verse 2
The unbelieving, or disobedient, Jews, who did not believe the truths or obey the precepts of the gospel,
stirred up the Gentiles; urging, persuading, and pressing of them, who of themselves (though as yet ignorant of Christ, and his word) would not have been so cruel.
The brethren; the apostles themselves, and others that were converted by them, whose common father God through Christ was, and were accordingly endeared one to another.
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