Genesis 9:4 - Exposition

But — אַךְ , an adverb of limitation or exception, as in Le Genesis 11:4 , introducing a restriction on the foregoing precept— flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof . Literally, with its soul, its blood ; the blood being regarded as the seat of the soul, or life principle (Le Genesis 17:11 ), and even as the soul itself (Le Genesis 17:14 ). The idea of the unity of the soul and the blood, on which the prohibition of blood is based, comes to light everywhere in Scripture. In the blood of one mortally wounded his soul flows forth ( Lamentations 2:12 ), and he who voluntarily sacrifices himself pours out his soul unto death ( Isaiah 53:12 ). The murderer of the innocent slays the soul of the blood of the innocent ( ψυχη Ì ν αι ̔ ì ματος α ̓ θω ì ου , Deuteronomy 27:25 ), which also cleaves to his (the murderer's) skirts ( Jeremiah 2:34 ; cf. Proverbs 28:17 , blood of a soul; cf. Genesis 4:10 with Hebrews 12:24 ; Job 24:12 with Revelation 6:9 ; vide also Psalms 94:21 ; Matthew 23:35 ). Nor can it be said to be exclusively peculiar to Holy Scripture. In ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics the hawk, which feeds on bloods, represents the soul. Virgil says of a dying person, "purpuream vomit ille animam" (' AE neid,' 9.349). The Greek philosophers taught that the blood was either the soul (Critias), or the soul's food (Pythagoras), or the soul's seat (Empedocles), or the soul's producing cause (the Stoics); but only Scripture reveals the true relation between them both when it declares the blood to be not the soul absolutely, but the means of its self-attestation (vide Delitzsch's ' Bib. Psychology,' div. 4. sec. 11.). Shall ye not eat. Not referring to, although certainly forbidding, the eating of flesh taken from a living animal (Raschi, Cajetan, Delitzsch, Luther, Poole, Jamieson)—a fiendish custom which may have been practiced among the antediluvians, as, according to travelers, it is, or was, among modern Abyssinians; rather interdicting the flesh of slaughtered animals from which the blood has not been properly drained (Calvin, Keil, Kalisch, Murphy, Wordsworth). The same prohibition was afterwards incorporated in the Mosaic legislation (cf. Le Genesis 3:17 ; Genesis 7:1-24 :26, 27; Genesis 17:10-14 ; Genesis 19:26 ; Deuteronomy 12:16 , Deuteronomy 12:23 , Deuteronomy 12:24 ; Deuteronomy 15:23 ), and subsequently imposed upon the Gentile converts in the Christian Church by the authority of the Holy Ghost and the apostles ( Acts 15:28 , Acts 15:29 ). Among other reasons, doubtless, for the original promulgation of this law were these:—

1. A desire to guard against the practice of cruelty to animals (Chrysostom, Calvin, 'Speaker's Commentary').

2. A design to hedge about human life by showing the inviolability which in God's eye attached to even the lives of the lower creatures (Calvin, Willet, Poole, Kalisch, Murphy).

3. The intimate connection which even in the animal creation subsisted between the blood and the life (Kurtz, 'Sacr. Worship,' I . A . V .).

4. Its symbolic use as an atonement for sin (Poole, Delitzsch, ' Bib. Psy.' Genesis 4:11 ; Keil, Wordsworth, Murphy). That the restriction continues to the present day may perhaps be argued from its having been given to Noah, but cannot legitimately be inferred from having been imposed on the Gentile converts to Christianity as one τω ͂ ν ε ̓ πα ì ναγκες του ì των , from the burden of which they could not be excused (Clarke), as then, by parity of reasoning, meat offered to idols would be equally forbidden, which it is not, except when the consciences of the weak and ignorant are endangered (Calvin).