Romans 10:19

19. Israel know Know is parallel to heard in Romans 10:18. St. Paul uses the word to indicate that Israel did know what they ignored in Romans 10:3. Know is evidently equivalent to heard; for St. Paul shows that they knew by hearing it from the predictions of the prophets. They knew because they heard just what they ignored in Romans 10:3; namely, that they were in danger of refusing the righteousness of God, of being supplanted by the Gentiles, and having a record of gainsaying left against them, (19-21.)

First Moses Earliest in the line of warning prophets. The quotation is from Deuteronomy 32:21, according to the Septuagint. Indisputably the no people were the Gentiles, and the Jews were at the present moment exhibiting to Paul the very jealousy and anger predicted.