Philologist; born Avenay, France, August 9, 1839; died Cannes, France, March 6, 1903. He was a director in the College de France, a member of the French Academy, and for 30 years the highest authority on the philology of Romance languages. He founded the "Revue critique" (1865) and "Romania" (1872), and wrote innumerable essays and criticisms.