(1797-1868) Indian missionary, first Bishop of Marquette, born Malavas, Carniola, Austria; died Marquette, Michigan. He was ordained, 1823; came to America, 1830; and labored for many years among the Indians of Michigan and Wisconsin. In 1853 the district was erected into a vicariate, and in 1856, into a diocese, under his charge, with the see first at Sault Sainte Marie and later at Marquette. He ranks among the foremost writers in American Indian literature, and is the author of the first Chippewa grammar and dictionary, an Ottawa prayer-book and Life of Christ, and other devotional works in Chippewa.
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