Reigned from June 5, 1305 to April 20, 1314. Born in 1264 in Villandraut, France as Bertrand de Got; died on April 20, 1314 at Roquemaure, France. He was Archbishop of Bordeaux, and thus an English subject, but also a friend of Philip the Fair of France. He took up his residence at Avignon and made it appear that the papacy was a department of the Gallican Church, while the cardinals ruled the Papal States. At Philip's request he began the condemnation of Pope Boniface VIII, suppressed the Templars, withdrew the Bull Clericis Laicos, and absolved Philip from guilt in Nogaret's violences. He excommunicated Robert Bruce for his share in the murder of John Comyn, and completed the Corpus Iuris Canonici.
This dictionary contains not only definitions and explanations of every subject in Religion, Scripture, tradition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, rites, customs, devotions and symbolism, but also accounts of the Church in every continent, country, diocese; missions, notable Catholic centers, cities, and places with religious names; religious orders, church societies, sects and false religions. It has brief articles also on historical events and personages, on the Old Testament and New, and on popes, prelates, priests, men and women of distinction, showing what the Church has done for civilization and correcting many errors which have hitherto passed for history.Wikipedia
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