Count and cardinal, born Gorki, Russian Poland, 1822; died Rome, 1902. After 19 years in the ecclesiastical diplomatic service, he was made Archbishop of Gnesen-Posen. During the Kulturkampf he opposed the German Government's attempt to suppress religious teaching in Polish, and after being repeatedly fined was cast into the dungeon of Ostrowo, 1874. A few weeks later Pius IX raised him to the cardinalate. In 1876, he was released from gaol and exiled, but continued ruling his diocese from Rome, till he resigned on being named secretary of papal briefs, 1885. In 1892 he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
This dictionary contains not only definitions and explanations of every subject in Religion, Scripture, tradition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, rites, customs, devotions and symbolism, but also accounts of the Church in every continent, country, diocese; missions, notable Catholic centers, cities, and places with religious names; religious orders, church societies, sects and false religions. It has brief articles also on historical events and personages, on the Old Testament and New, and on popes, prelates, priests, men and women of distinction, showing what the Church has done for civilization and correcting many errors which have hitherto passed for history.Wikipedia
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