Hatred, aversion, repugnancy, Hatred is entertained against persons, , aversion and antipathy against persons or things, and repugnancy against actions alone. Hatred is more voluntary that aversion, antipathy, or repugnancy: These last have greater affinity with the animal constitution. The causes of antipathy are less know than those of aversion. Repugnancy is less permanent that either the one or the other. We hate a vicious character, we feel an aversion to its exertions. We are affected with antipathy for certain persons at first sight: there are some affairs which we transact with repugnancy. Hatred calumniates, aversion keeps us at a distance from certain persons. Antipathy makes us detest them; repugnancy hinders us from imitating them.