FLEA ( par‘ôsh , 1 Samuel 24:14; 1 Samuel 26:20 ). The common flea, Pulex irritans , is a universal pest in Palestine. Fleas are present in incredible numbers in the dust of caves to which goats resort. RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] has ‘fleas’ for ‘lice’ in Exodus 8:16 .

E. W. G. Masterman.