Surname

(1) Those derived from the name of a place.-In the NT seven persons bear the name of Ἰούδας, the Greek equivalent of יְהוּרָה. Among these are an ancestor of Jesus,13 [Note: 3 Luke 3:30.] Judas of Damascus,14 [Note: Acts 9:11.] Judas or Jude, a brother of Jesus,15 [Note: 5Matthew 13:55, Mark 6:3.] Judas distinguished as ‘not Iscariot,’16 [Note: John 14:22.] probably the same as Judas Ιακώβου,17 [Note: 7 Luke 6:16, Acts 1:13.] and Judas Barsabbas, who has already been noticed. But of the seven the most notable is Judas the traitor. In regard to his surname, scholars are now practically agreed that the term translated ‘Iscariot’ is the Greek for אִישׁקְרִיוֹת.18 [Note: 8 But see W. B. Smith, in HJ ix. [1911] 531, 892.] The reading ἀπὸ Καρυώτου19 [Note: John 6:71, à 12:4, 13:2, 26, 14:22, all of D.] clearly indicates a place. If a place be meant, what is its correct designation? The Manuscripts oscillate between Σκαρυώθ,20 [Note: Mark 3:9, Luke 6:16, both in D, and John 6:71 in BCGL.] Ἰσκαριώθ,21 [Note: Mark 3:9 in BCL, Luke 6:16 in BL, Matthew 10:4 in C.] Σκαριώτης,22 [Note: Matthew 10:4 in D.] and Ἰσκαριώτης,23 [Note: Matthew 10:4, etc., also the readings in à and D noted under 19.] but the reading Ἰσκαριώτης seems clearly preferable.24 [Note: 4 E. Nestle and F. H. Chase, ExpT ix. 140, 189, 240, 285.] Kerioth can scarcely be קְרִיוֹת of Moab,25 [Note: 5 Jeremiah 48:24; Jeremiah 48:41, Amos 2:2.] and is much more likely to be ק־חָצְרוֹן of Judah,26 [Note: Joshua 15:25, HJ ix. 531.] meaning the twin cities or twin fortresses. It is identified with a place variously spelt Kuryetein,27 [Note: 7 E. Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, 3 vols., London, 1841, ii. 472.] Kuryezein,28 [Note: 8 E. H. Palmer, The Desert of the Exodus , 2 vols., Cambridge, 1871, map to vol. ii.] and Karjetein,29 [Note: 9 HDB ii. 836.] 4½; miles to the N.W. of Arad. Conder, indeed, founding upon the reading in D of John 12:4, etc., ἀπὸ Καρυώτου, thinks that the place indicated is Ischar, which (according to the Samaritan Chronicle) was the old name of the present Askar, near Jacob’s well, the Sychar of John 4:5. In that case Judas most probably was a Samaritan.30 [Note: 0 PEFSt, April 1905, p. 157; HDB iv. 635.] The reference to the