Mare´shah, a town in the tribe of Judah (), rebuilt and fortified by Rehoboam (). The Ethiopians under Zerah were defeated by Asa in the valley near Mareshah (). It was laid desolate by Judas Maccabeus, on his march from Hebron to Ashdod (; Josephus, Antiq. xii. 8, 6). Josephus mentions it among the towns, possessed by Alexander Jannæus, which had been in the hands of the Syrians (Ib. xiii. 15, 4); but by Pompey it was restored to the former inhabitants, and attached to the province of Syria (Ib. xiv. 4, 4). Maresa was among the towns rebuilt by Gabinius (Ib. xiv. 5, 3), but was again destroyed by the Parthians in their eruption against Herod (Ib. xiv. 5, 3). A place so often mentioned in history must have been of considerable importance; but it does not appear that it was ever again rebuilt. The site, however, is set down by Eusebins and Jerome as within two miles of Eleutheropolis, but the direction is not stated. Dr. Robinson found, at a mile and a half south of the site of Eleutheropolis, a remarkable tell, or artificial hill, with foundations of some buildings. As there are no other ruins in the vicinity, and as the site is admirably suited for a fortress, this, he supposes, may have been Mareshah.
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John Kitto was an English biblical scholar of Cornish descent.Born in Plymouth, John Kitto was a sickly child, son of a Cornish stonemason. The drunkenness of his father and the poverty of his family meant that much of his childhood was spent in the workhouse. He had no more than three years of erratic and interrupted education. At the age of twelve John Kitto fell on his head from a rooftop, and became totally and permanently deaf. As a young man he suffered further tragedies, disappointments and much loneliness. His height was 4 ft 8 in, and his accident left him with an impaired sense of balance. He found consolation in browsing at bookstalls and reading any books that came his way.
From these hardships he was rescued by friends who became aware of his mental abilities and encouraged him to write topical articles for local newspapers, arranging eventually for him to work as an assistant in a local library. Here he continued to educate himself.
One of his benefactors was the Exeter dentist Anthony Norris Groves, who in 1824 offered him employment as a dental assistant. Living with the Groves family, Kitto was profoundly influenced by the practical Christian faith of his employer. In 1829 he accompanied Groves on his pioneering mission to Baghdad and served as tutor to Groves's two sons. In 1833 Kitto returned to England via Constantinople, accompanied by another member of the Groves mission, Francis William Newman. Shortly afterwards he married, and in due course had several children.
A London publisher asked Kitto to write up his travel journals for a series of articles in the Penny Magazine, a publication read at that time by a million people in Britain, reprinted in America and translated into French, German and Dutch. Other writing projects followed as readers enquired about his experiences in the East amidst people living in circumstances closely resembling those of Bible times.
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