14. Breach upon breach In the preceding verse the human body was compared to a target pierced through and through with arrows; it is now compared to a citadel of strength which the besiegers have breached again and again. Giant Warrior. read more
15. Sackcloth This cloth was of a coarse texture, generally of goat’s hair of a dark colour, with armholes, and shaped like a sack. It was commonly worn over the coat, in place of an outer garment, and thus served as a symbol of distress; but in extreme cases it was worn next to the skin, (2 Kings 6:30,) having been sewed tightly upon it, “like crepe upon a hat.” Barnes. Dr. Good cites from Menander, the Greek poet: Following the Syrian plan They then wear sackcloth, and by the public... read more
16. Foul with weeping Inflamed by the heat of the tears. Shadow of death The Iliad frequently has the expression, “The cloud of death surrounds his eyes.” read more
17. Not for injustice The Hebrew is the same as in Isaiah 53:9. where the words are spoken of Christ. Read, Though there be no violence in my hands. Second division JOB’S HOPE IS IN THE GODHEAD THE GOD WHO SEES HIS GRIEFS SHALL TREAT WITH GOD IN HIS BEHALF, Job 16:18 - Job 17:9. read more
18. Cover not thou my blood He speaks of his sufferings under the figure of blood that has been wrongfully shed. “Blood,” says Grotius, “denotes every kind of immature death.” The ancients attributed to blood, unjustly shed, a cry that excited God to vengeance; an opinion which may have sprung from the case of Abel, Genesis 4:10. “When the earth covers the blood of the slain it seems to cloak injury.” Drusius. See also Isaiah 26:21; Ezekiel 24:7-8. The Arabs say the dew of heaven will... read more
First strophe God, the witness of the innocent blood which his own wrath hath shed, cannot but plead with God for justice, though man, the victim, be in the article of death. Job 16:18 - Job 17:2. Job’s faith again appeals from God as he seems, to God as he must be. read more
19. Record שׂהד , attestor. Schultens and Lee derive from the Arabic a meaning of eyewitness. The Septuagint renders it joint witness Συνιστωρ . The translation of Cranmer, “and He that knoweth me is above in the height,” accords with that of Luther. The witness is plainly not documentary, (record,) but a person. read more
20. My friends scorn me מליצי רעי is almost invariably rendered, My scorners are my friends. But the word melits, in its root, signifies not only to “mock,” but “to speak in a foreign tongue,” (Gesenius,) whence the meaning of interpreter, intercessor, which is the rendering it bears in the other places where it occurs, (Genesis 42:23; 2 Chronicles 32:31 margin; Job 33:23, and Isaiah 43:27 margin;) also in the Targum peraklit, “advocate.” This leads Arnheim, Carey, and Prof. Lee to... read more
21. Oh that one might plead Better, O that He ( God) would plead for man with God, as a son of man for his fellow. ויוכח , weyokahh, argue, plead, is rendered by Schlottmann, Ewald, and others, do justice; by Delitzsch, decide; by Wordsworth, Carey, etc., plead. See note Job 9:33. The German mind has caught a glimmering view, as “through a glass, darkly,” of the blessed purport of this passage, thus: “God is regarded as a twofold person, an adversary, and at the same time an... read more
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Whedon's Commentary on the Bible - Job 16:13
13. My reins The kidneys. “The Scriptures bring the tenderest and the most inward experience of a manifold kind into association with them.” DELITZSCH, Bib. Psychology, pp. 317-319. Here, in strong figurative language, cutting affliction cleaves the kidneys asunder; language akin to that of our own, “a broken heart.” The psalmist supplicates God to try his reins and his heart, (Job 26:2.) The ancients said the reins give counsel, but the heart carries it into execution. My gall upon the... read more