(2) Four whole months.—Literally, days, four months, which some interpret to mean “a year (see Note on Judges 17:10) and four months.” The incident has, however, little bearing on the general story. read more
Judges 19:1 On the night before he fled from Geneva, Rousseau relates how finding himself unusually wakeful, 'I continued my reading beyond my usual hour, and read the whole passage ending at the story of the Levite of Ephraim in the book of Judges, if I mistake not, for since then I have never seen it. This story made a great impression on me, and in a kind of dream my imagination still ran upon it.' Suddenly wakened by the news that his Émile was proscribed, he drove off, and composed,... read more
; Judges 20:1-48; Judges 21:1-25FROM JUSTICE TO WILD REVENGEJudges 19:1-30; Judges 20:1-48; Judges 21:1-25THESE last chapters describe a general and vehement outburst of moral indignation throughout Israel, recorded for various reasons. A vile thing is done in one of the towns of Benjamin and the fact is published in all the tribes. The doers of it are defended by their clan and fearful punishment is wrought upon them, not without suffering to the entire people. Like the incidents narrated in... read more
2. Israel’s Moral Condition and the War on Benjamin CHAPTER 19 The Levite and His Concubine 1. The Levite and the unfaithful woman (Judges 19:1-21 ) 2. The fate of the concubine (Judges 19:22-30 ) The results of departure from God are now revealed in the awful corruption and violence so faithfully recorded in this chapter. The moral condition of Israel has gone down to the same level of the Canaanites; they sank even lower than the nations whom God had doomed to destruction. We do not... read more
APPENDIX TO THE BOOK The chapters concluding the book detail certain incidents at various periods during the preceding history, when the whole nation was disordered and corrupt, and “every man did that which was right in his own eyes.” A MAN-MADE PRIEST (Judges 17:0 ) Chapter 17 tells of Micah who established his own imitation of the tabernacle. Of course it was contrary to the law and evinced ignorance and superstition, although the motive may not have been bad. ORIGIN OF THE CITY OF... read more
Judges 19:0 1. And it came to pass in those days [not long after Joshua's death, and before Othniel was judge], when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine [such relations were not legally forbidden] out of Beth-lehem-judah. 2. And his concubine [wife or concubine, a wife with inferior rights] played the whore against him, and went away from him [ Pro 30:21 ], unto her father's house to Beth-lehem-judah,... read more
CONTENTS Melancholy views of Israel's transgression still appear, and are prosecuted in their contents through this Chapter. In the former we have beheld the daring sin of idolatry; here we are presented with the horrid representation of the sin of murder. The concubine of a Levite forms the chief subject of the story: her abuse: her being murdered: and the Levites conduct upon it: these form the principle events here recorded. Judges 19:1 The same preface opens this Chapter, no king in Israel.... read more
And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father's house to Bethlehemjudah, and was there four whole months. I think it probable, that though she is called his concubine, it meant his lawful wife; and indeed in the margin it is said so, for how otherwise could she be said to have acted the part of an whore. read more
Ephraim. Some think at Silo, to which place, he says, he was going, (ver. 18,) though it might be only out of devotion. (Calmet) --- A wife. Hebrew, "a concubine." Septuagint joins both together, "he took a harlot to wife." (Haydock) read more
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Judges 19:1
(1) On the side of mount Ephraim.—Literally, on the two thighs (yarcethaim). (Comp. Psalms 128:3; Isaiah 37:24.) As to the residence of the Levite at Mount Ephraim, see Note on Judges 17:8. It is probably a fortuitous coincidence that both this Levite and Jonathan have relations with Mount Ephraim and with Bethlehem.Took to him a concubine.—Such connections were not legally forbidden; yet it is probable that in the case of all but princes or eminent men they were looked on with moral... read more