And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes,Zimri — Those descended from Zimran, Abraham's son by Keturah, Genesis 25:2.Elam — The Persians.The Medes — The Medes came from Madai the son of Japhet. read more
And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.The north — All under the government of the Chaldeans.Of Sheshach — And the king of Babylon, who was last of all to drink of this cup of the Lord's fury. read more
Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant vessel.Shepherds — Shepherds and the principal of the flock, in this place mean civil rulers.A pleasant vessel — Like a crystal glass, or some delicate vessel, which breaks in pieces and cannot again be set together. read more
He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of his fierce anger.Because — The effects of this rising up of God out of his covert is the desolation of the land through the fierceness of the enemy, caused by the fierce anger of God. read more
15. Wine cup “A flagon filled with wrath.” See Jeremiah 49:12; Jeremiah 51:7; Isaiah 51:17; Isaiah 51:22, etc. Cause… the nations… to drink Not literally the representatives of the nations assembled at Jerusalem, as Michaelis explains, but symbolically, in prophetic vision. “As the wrath of God is no essence that may be drunk by the bodily act, so, manifestly, the cup is no material cup, and the drinking is no act of outer physical reality.” Keil. read more
18. Jerusalem Mentioned first, as being most important, and perhaps, too, most guilty. read more
19. Pharaoh, etc. The enumeration begins with Egypt and goes northward, mentioning Uz, Edom, Moab, and Ammon on the east, and Philistia, Tyre, Zidon, and the isles of the Mediterranean on the west. Then, to the far east, the kings of Arabia and Elam, with the Medes to the northward; and finally the enumeration terminates with all the kings of the north and all the kingdoms of the world… upon the face of the earth, but mentions last of all the king of Babylon by the name of Sheshach.... read more
20. Uz This passage falls in with Lamentations 4:21, in fixing the locality of this land somewhere between the Egyptian border and Palestine, probably in the neighbourhood of Idumea. Philistines The towns which are mentioned were probably capitals of separate principalities. Gath, which is elsewhere mentioned as one of the five royal cities of the Philistines, (Joshua 13:3; 1 Samuel 6:17,) is not here mentioned, probably because it was no longer a capital city. The remnant of Ashdod ... read more
22. Kings of Tyrus, etc. The plural is, in Jeremiah 25:18; Jeremiah 19:3; Jeremiah 13:13, used to include the present kings and their successors. Isles, more exactly, as in the margin, region by the sea side, probably including generally the colonies in and upon the Mediterranean. read more
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes - Jeremiah 25:23
Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners,Tema — Tema descended from Ishmael, Genesis 25:15, his posterity inhabited in Arabia, Isaiah 21:13,14, where they are joined with those of Dedan.Buz — Buz was one of the posterity of Nahor, Genesis 22:21. These were people mixed with the Saracens or Arabians. read more