23. The numbers of the bands Literally, the numbers of the heads. This the Septuagint and Vulgate take in the sense of the number of chiefs, or captains; but as the following list is devoted chiefly to the numbers of the warriors, it is better to understand the word ( ראשׂי ) as our translators have rendered it, bands, or companies, as it is rendered in Judges 7:16; Judges 7:20; Judges 9:34; 1 Samuel 11:11. read more
LIST OF WARRIORS WHO MADE DAVID KING OF ALL ISRAEL, 1 Chronicles 12:23-40. This list is a most interesting and important document in the annals of David. It indicates the proportion of sympathy and help (the number of votes, so to speak) he received from the various tribes at the time referred to in 1 Chronicles 11:1-3, when “all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron,” to transfer to his hands the kingdom of Saul. Bertheau thinks that we have here only an extract from a complete list... read more
24. Judah… six thousand and eight hundred It has been thought strange that David’s own tribe should have had so small a representation in comparison with remote tribes like Zebulun, Naphtali, and Asher. Compare 1 Chronicles 12:33-34; 1 Chronicles 12:36. But David had already ruled over Judah seven years, and on this occasion it was unnecessary for his own tribe to be present in great numbers. The same remarks apply to the tribe of Simeon, which had already become largely identified with... read more
26. Levi four thousand and six hundred These came from the various Levitical cities. They were not reckoned among the warriors of the nation, (Numbers 1:47,) but came as representatives of their tribe to confirm the covenant with David. read more
27. Jehoiada was the leader of the Aaronites Not high priest, but civil ruler and tribal representative. read more
28. Zadok Not necessarily the high priest of this name. read more
29. Benjamin… three thousand A very great number could hardly be expected on this occasion from the tribe of Saul. Hence the writer adds, that hitherto, that is, up to that time, the greatest part of them had kept the ward (rather, were keeping charge) of the house of Saul. They still were adhering in sympathy and attachment to the house of their fallen king. read more
31. Expressed by name These representatives of Manasseh were duly elected and designated by name to go and make David king. read more
32. That had understanding… to know what Israel ought to do These representatives of Issachar displayed superior judgment on this occasion in estimating the circumstances of the times, and discerning the course of action Israel should pursue. read more
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Whedon's Commentary on the Bible - 1 Chronicles 12:22
22. A great host, like the host of God That is, strong, mighty, glorious. Compare “hill of God,” Psalms 68:15, “cedars of God,” Psalms 80:10, margin; “city of God,” Jonah 3:3, margin. read more