exodus-22:1-27-kjv

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:16

If a man entice a maid - This was an exceedingly wise and humane law, and must have operated powerfully against seduction and fornication; because the person who might feel inclined to take the advantage of a young woman knew that he must marry her, and give her a dowry, if her parents consented; and if they did not consent that their daughter should wed her seducer, in this case he was obliged to give her the full dowry which could have been demanded had she been still a virgin. According... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:18

Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live - If there had been no witches, such a law as this had never been made. The existence of the law, given under the direction of the Spirit of God, proves the existence of the thing. It has been doubted whether מכשפה mecash - shephah , which we translate witch, really means a person who practiced divination or sorcery by spiritual or infernal agency. Whether the persons thus denominated only pretended to have an art which had no existence, or whether... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:19

Lieth with a beast - If this most abominable crime had not been common, it never would have been mentioned in a sacred code of laws. It is very likely that it was an Egyptian practice; and it is certain, from an account in Sonnini's Travels, that it is practiced in Egypt to the present day. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:20

Utterly destroyed - The word חרם cherem denotes a thing utterly and finally separated from God and devoted to destruction, without the possibility of redemption. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:21

Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him - This was not only a very humane law, but it was also the offspring of a sound policy: "Do not vex a stranger; remember ye were strangers. Do not oppress a stranger; remember ye were oppressed. Therefore do unto all men as ye would they should do to you." It was the produce of a sound policy: "Let strangers be well treated among you, and many will come to take refuge among you, and thus the strength of your country will be increased. If... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:22

Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child - It is remarkable that offenses against this law are not left to the discretion of the judges to be punished; God reserves the punishment to himself, and by this he strongly shows his abhorrence of the crime. It is no common crime, and shall not be punished in a common way; the wrath of God shall wax hot against him who in any wise afflicts or wrongs a widow or a fatherless child: and we may rest assured that he who helps either does a... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:25

Neither shalt thou lay upon him usury - נשך neshech , from nashach , to bite, cut, or pierce with the teeth; biting usury. So the Latins call it usura vorax , devouring usury. "The increase of usury is called נשך neshech , because it resembles the biting of a serpent; for as this is so small as scarcely to be perceptible at first, but the venom soon spreads and diffuses itself till it reaches the vitals, so the increase of usury, which at first is not perceived nor felt, at... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:26

If thou - take thy neighbor's raiment to pledge - It seems strange that any pledge should be taken which must be so speedily restored; but it is very likely that the pledge was restored by night only, and that he who pledged it brought it back to his creditor next morning. The opinion of the rabbins is, that whatever a man needed for the support of life, he had the use of it when absolutely necessary, though it was pledged. Thus he had the use of his working tools by day, but he brought them... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:1

Verse 1 Thus far God has proclaimed Himself the avenger of iniquities, and, citing thieves before His tribunal, has threatened them with eternal death. Now follow the civil laws, the principle of which is not so exact and perfect; since in their enactment God has relaxed His just severity in consideration of the people’s hardness of heart. What God formerly delivered to His people the heathen legislators afterwards borrowed. Draco, indeed, was more severe, but his extreme rigor became obsolete... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:2

Verse 2 2.If a thief be found breaking up. This clause is to be taken separately, and is inserted by way of parenthesis; for, after having decreed the punishment, God adds in connection, “he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he should be sold for his theft;” and this exception as to the thief in the night is introduced parenthetically. But although the details are not expressed with sufficient distinctness, still the intention of God is by no means ambiguous, viz., that if... read more

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:16

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:18

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:19

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:20

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:21

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:22

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:25

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:26

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:1

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:2

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