exodus-22:1-27-kjv

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:3

Verse 3 3.He should make full restitution. These words, as I have said, are connected with the first verse, since here the execution of the punishment is only enjoined; as if God forbade thieves to be spared, but that they should pay either twofold or quadruple, or even quintuple, according to the measure of their crime. But, if they were unable to pay, He commands them to be sold as slaves, which also was the custom at Rome. Whence the saying of Cato, (136) “that private thieves lived in bonds... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:5

Verse 5 5.If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten. This kind of fraud is justly ranked among thefts; viz., if any man shall have put in his beast to feed in another’s field or vineyard. For if a person have made improper use of his servant to steal by him, he himself is deemed guilty of the offense, even although he may have touched nothing with his own hand; nor does he less do wrong who has given occasion of injury by means of a brute. Still, God restricts the punishment to a... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:6

Verse 6 6.If fire break out and catch in thorns. This injury is somewhat different from the foregoing, for he who kindles the fire is commanded to make good the damage done by him, although there may have been no willful intention to do harm. For the incendiary who had maliciously destroyed either a cornfield or a vineyard was to be far more severely punished; here, however, mere carelessness is punished. Although no mention is made either of house or barn, still the law includes all similar... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:7

Verse 7 7.If a man shall deliver unto his neighbor money. It is here determined under what circumstances an action for theft would lie in case of a deposit, viz., if an inanimate thing, as a garment or furniture, be given ill charge, and the person with whom it is deposited should allege that it is stolen, God commands that, if the thief be discovered, he should pay double; but, if not, that an oath should be required of the man who declares that the thing has been stolen from him. But, if it... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

Verse 9 9.For all manner of trespass. An action for theft is here permitted, but with a fine attached if any should rashly accuse his neighbor; for else it might be doubted when or for what reasons the restitution of double or quadruple was to be required. He therefore permits that if any one suspects another of theft, he should summon that person to plead his cause; and if he should prove his case, that he should recover double the thing lost; but if the judges should pronounce that he had... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:10

Verse 10 10.If a man deliver unto his neighbor an ass. Since in the passage from whence I have taken these four verses, mention is made of a deposit, and Moses is professedly providing against frauds, and robberies, and thefts, I have thought it well to place them under this head. It has indeed some relation to the Third Commandment, because it shows the lawful use of an oath, viz., that in matters of concealment men should have recourse to the witness of God, and that, by the interposition of... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:16

Verse 16 Hence, also, it is manifest that, although God remits the judicial penalty, fornication is displeasing to Him. As to the spiritual judgment of the conscience, there were expiations to propitiate Him; He here only has consideration for young females, lest, being deceived, and having lost their virginity, they should become prostitutes; and thus the land should be defiled by whoredom. The remedy is, that lie who has corrupted girl should be compelled to marry her, and also to give tie a... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:18

Verse 18 18.Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. In these passages the punishment of those is appointed who should in any respect violate the worship of God. We have lately seen how severely God avenged apostasy from the faith; but now He touches upon certain particular points when religion is not professedly forsaken, but some corruption is introduced, whereby its purity is affected. The first passage denounces capital punishment upon witches; by which name Moses means enchantresses, or... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:25

Verse 25 25.If thou lend money to any of my people Humanity ought to be very greatly regarded in the matter of loans, especially when a person, being reduced to extremities, implores a rich man’s compassion; for this is, in. point of fact, the genuine trial of our charity, when, in accordance with Christ’s precept, we lend to those of whom we expect no return. (Luke 6:35.) The question here is not as to usury, as some have falsely thought, (111) as if he commanded us to lend gratuitously, and... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:1

If a man shall steal an ox . The principal property possessed by the Israelites in the wilderness was their cattle; whence this occurs to the legislator as the thing most likely to be stolen. It required more boldness in a thief to carry off an ox than a sheep or goat; and so the crime was visited with a heavier penalty. read more

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:3

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:5

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:6

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:7

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:10

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:16

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:18

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:25

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:1

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