5. And in this place again In Psalm xcv, quoted previously. If An elliptical form of the divine oath, supposed, when used by men, to be preceded by a fearful penalty upon perjury, as “So do God to me, and more also, if,” etc. 2 Samuel 3:35. My rest Not the my rest of the creation, but my appointed rest for Israel in Canaan. read more
6. Now for the third rest, namely, that for the obedient in the days of David, long after the abode in Canaan. It remaineth As a clear inference from the words in Psalm xcv, quoted last verse. Must The word not in the Greek. Alford rightly renders the words, “Since then it yet remains that some do enter.” They… entered not Since some enter, and yet the Israelites of Exodus failed, we find in this ninety-fifth Psalm another and a later day of probation, and possible rest, specified. read more
7. He God by the psalmist. Limiteth Defines, specifies, a certain day. In David Delitzsch explains this as by David. For David does not here stand for the book of Psalms, but as name of the author of this ninety-fifth Psalm. To day In our, David’s, day. After so long a time as has elapsed since Israel’s second generation entered Canaan, namely, a time of five hundred years. And even at this day there still remains a rest to those who hear his voice, but forfeited by those who ... read more
8. And what rest is this? It is plain that this is not the rest which Joshua won for the survivors of the desert; for if Joshua ( Jesus is here the Greek form of the Hebrew Joshua, who is really here meant, see note on Matthew 1:1) had given it, this another day would not have been spoken of five hundred years later than Joshua. A permanent rest of faith for all the faithful, other than the literal Canaan rest, is, therefore, a valid conclusion, stated next verse. read more
9. Remaineth The full conclusion given. There is a permanent rest underlying the Canaan rest, which is God’s and the believer’s rest. But, significantly, our author for the word rest, which has hitherto been αναπαυσις , a pausing, now substitutes σαββατισμος , sabbatismos, sabbatism, a sabbath-rest, thus finely identifying the saints everlasting rest with God’s sabbatic rest. On this Whitby gives a number of interesting extracts from the early Christian writers. “Irenaeus saith,... read more
10. Showing the true identity between God’s rest and the believer’s rest. Man is in God’s image, and as God passed through his great week and then came to an ever-blessed repose, so man passes through his probationary work and goes to his eternal salvation. read more
11. Therefore The doctrine of the divine rest has been stated; now for the solemn inference as to practice. Labour God laboured, so let us labour. Unbelief Still the key-word; the fatal secret of Israel’s fall, the fearful token of our fall. read more
12. For The momentous reason for our taking warning, the character of the word by which our unbelief is searched out and we condemned. Word of God The solemn word, in form of oath, which excludes from rest. Hebrews 4:3, and Hebrews 3:11. This divine word is terribly searching of spirit, soul, and body; searching whether that fatal unbelief lurks, the least particle, in any secret corner of our being. The many personal attributes here ascribed to the word has induced many... read more
13. Thus far is described the searching action of the word upon our inmost being; now is correspondently described the complete passive subjection of our being to the scrutiny of the same word. Creature Of any nature, but especially human. From the fact that sight and eyes are affirmed, Lunemann, Alford, and Moll tell us that it is no longer the word, but God, that is described. But: 1. That forgets that nearly every term so far gives personality to this word. Living, energizing,... read more
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Whedon's Commentary on the Bible - Hebrews 4:4
4. In 4 and 5 our author quotes together the two passages, (Genesis 2:2, and Psalms 95:11,) in order to present the difference to the eye. He spake God by the inspired writer. Did rest Rest is the season of refreshment after a period of toil. And the Genesis picture of the divine rest, after the work of creation, is a type of all subsequent relaxation from action. For all life has this alternation of action and remission. Not only men, but animals and vegetables take repose; even the... read more