Verse 9
Ephraim. The mention of Ephraim is not "perplexing". See explanation in next verse, and in the events of Judges 12:1-6 ; Jdg 12:17 , Jdg 12:18 : viz. the introduction of idolatry. It is sin which is spoken of. See Psalms 78:57 , "deceitful bow". Compare Hosea 7:16 ; Hosea 10:6-8 .
carrying bows: i.e. though equipped as bowmen, yet were faithless. This is transferred to the moral application.
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