Verse 1
Jesus addressed this parable to all the people present (Luke 20:9) but the religious leaders particularly. The man in the parable represents God, the vineyard is Israel (Psalms 80:8-19; Jeremiah 2:21), and the tenants are Israel’s leaders. The parable develops the scene presented in Isaiah 5:1-2 that is part of a prophecy of God’s judgment on Israel (cf. Psalms 80:8-16). God spared no expense or effort to make Israel a choice nation. He had left Israel on its own, so to speak, after He had established the nation.
"Since the whole of the upper Jordan valley and a large part of the Galilean uplands were in the hands of foreign landlords at this time, such a practice was common." [Note: Ibid., p. 417.]
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