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Greek Word Studies

Build up (edify) (3618) oikodomeo

Build up (3618) (oikodomeo from oikos = dwelling + doma = building [of a house] from demo = to build - see word study on derivative verb sunoikodomeo) means literally to build, construct or erect a dwelling. Oikodomeo is used here as a metaphor meaning to build up, establish, confirm, edify. See Ale... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Burdened (overcome, weighed down) (916) bareo

Being burdened (916) (bareo from baros = weight, heaviness, figuratively a burden as in Gal 6:2) means to lay on a heavy load; to encumber with weight, to weigh down, to burden. Figuratively, to oppress with any thing grievous; as, to burden a nation with taxes. The effect of drowsiness = "Heavy eye... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Encourage (exhort, comfort, implore) (3870) parakaleo

Implore (3870) (parakaleo from para = side of, alongside, beside + kaleo [ word study] = call) means literally to call one alongside, to call someone to oneself, to call for, to summon. Parakaleo can include the idea of giving help or aid but the primary sense in the NT is to urge someone to take so... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Ill-treated (2558) kakoucheo

Ill-treated (2558) (kakoucheo from kakos = evil, ill + echo = to have) means literally to have affliction or ill treatment. To treat evilly. To ill-treat. In the passive voice it means to suffer ill, to be maltreated, to be tormented, afflicted or harassed. The present tense indicates they were cont... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Joy (5479) chara

Joy (5479) (chara) (and rejoice) is a feeling of inner gladness, delight or rejoicing. Joy is a feeling of inner gladness, delight or rejoicing. Joy in the NT is virtually always used to signify a feeling of "happiness" that is based on spiritual realities (and independent of what "happens"). Joy is... Read More
Greek Word Studies

One another (240) allelon

One another (240)(allelon) is a reciprocal (= shared, felt, done by each to the other) pronoun which means each other, reciprocally or mutually (Negative sense Mt 24:10). Vine writes that allelon is a reciprocal pronoun in the genitive plural, signifying of, or from, one another (akin to allos, anot... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Patience (3115) makrothumia

Patience (3115) (makrothumia from makros = long, distant, far off, large + thumos = temper, passion, emotion or thumoomai = to be furious or burn with intense anger) is literally long-temper (as opposed to "short tempered), a long holding out of the mind before it gives room to action or passion. It... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Religious (2357) threskos

Religious (2357) (threskos which some say derives from threomai = to tremble, whereas more modern scholars link it with therap- = to serve) is used only in this verse and describes the individual who is preoccupied with religious observances. Rogers has this note on threskos, used only here in Scrip... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Shudder (5425) phrisso

Shudder (5425) (phrisso) ("old onomatopoetic verb" - A T Robertson) has the primary meaning of to be rough or to bristle up and then evolves to mean (as in this context) to shiver, shudder, or tremble. The picture is vivid for it is that of one's hair standing up on end! Clearly the implication is t... Read More
Greek Word Studies

Walk (follow, keep in step, live) (4748) stoicheo

Walk (4748) (stoicheo from stoichos = row, line, rank; see word study of stoicheion = elements, basic foundational things like letters of the alphabet) is literally to walk in line, walk in a straight line, proceed in a row, to follow in someone’s footsteps. To keep in rank and file. To march in in ... Read More

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