Is Romans 9:11-13 referring to the nations of Israel and Edom rather than God’s choice of who will be children of God and thus eternally saved?
Opponents of election, in a desperate attempt to deny the doctrine, claim that the election of Jacob and the rejection of Esau is not referring to them individually, but rather to the nations of Israel and Edom.
i. They try to use Gen 25:23 for proof of this.
ii. A fundamental rule of Bible interpretation is to always interpret the Old Testament (Hos 12:10) in the light of the New Testament (2Pe 1:19; Heb 7:22; Eph 3:4-5; Col 1:26), and not vise versa.
iii. There are some major problems with this interpretation.
a. First of all, this interpretation contradicts the very premise and core of Paul's argument in Romans 9.
(i) The salvation and spiritual state of the nation of Israel is under consideration in Romans 9 (Rom 9:1-5).
(ii) Paul's core argument in Romans 9 is that "they are not all Israel, which are of Israel" (Rom 9:6).
(iii) In other words, not all of the natural descendents of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are God's chosen people (Rom 9:8).
(iv) Paul gives personal and individual examples of this in Rom 9:7-13.
(v) Paul then justifies God's election of individuals in Rom 9:14-24.
(vi) To say that Paul was referring to the nations of Israel and Edom in Rom 9:11-13 totally ignores the context of the chapter.
b. Secondly, God's election in Romans 9 is personal election, not national election.
(i) He uses Isaac as a personal example of a child of God (Rom 9:7).
(ii) He uses Jacob and Esau as personal examples of election (Rom 9:11-13).
(iii) He uses Pharaoh as a personal example of a man whom God did not choose (Rom 9:17).
(iv) Paul uses personal pronouns to describe election.
1. God will have mercy on whom (not the nation) He will have mercy (Rom 9:15; Rom 9:18).
2. Election is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth (Rom 9:16).
(v) Paul replies to a man's personal objection to election: "why has thou made me thus?" (Rom 9:20)
(vi) Reprobation is of individual vessels of wrath (Rom 9:22).
(vii) Election is of individual vessels of mercy (Rom 9:23).
(viii) Those vessels are called individuals of the Jews and of the Gentiles, not the nations of the Jews and Gentiles (Rom 9:24).
c. Thirdly, for this interpretation (that Rom 9:11-13 is referring to the election of the nation of Israel) to be true, God would have to elect and love every member of the nation of Israel and hate and reject every member of the nation of Edom.
(i) If this was not the case then the interpretation would be meaningless, having God loving some of those whom He is supposed to hate and hating some of those whom His is supposed to love.
(ii) There is only a remnant of Israel that are God's elect (Rom 9:27; Rom 11:7), and the rest are reprobates (Rom 9:29; Rom 11:7).
(iii) There is also a remnant of Edom that are God's elect (Amo 9:12 c/w Rev 5:9), and the rest are reprobates.
(iv) The fact that God has a remnant of elect in both the nations of Israel and Edom destroys the interpretation that God's election of Jacob was referring to the nation of Israel.-
Semon excepted from Unconditional Election (Part 2) can found here:
https://www.excelsiorspringschurch.com