In this passage Paul explains how God’s plan of salvation will succeed, even in the face of Jewish unbelief. Two principles are in play – the hardening and the jealousy principle. Israel’s large-scale rejection of the gospel (hardening) meant that the gospel went to the Gentiles. But as more and more Gentiles received a share among God’s new gospel people, the Jews were provoked to jealously and many have and still are becoming believers. Thus, God’s plan to save all his elect – the fullness of the Gentiles and all elect Israel will be fulfilled through the gospel.

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