The Predicament of Trials
James 1:1-4
Definition:
Trial – The Greek word for used for trial (v. peirasmos, n. peirazo) is translated both as trial and temptation. The context of how it is used will determine if it is good and comes from God as a form of testing or if it is a solicitation to commit evil or temptation, which comes from within one’s own heart.

I. Introduction, Author, and Audience (v.1)
A. James, the half-brother of Jesus, identifies himself as the author.
B. The letter is to the scattered 12 tribes of Israel (Jewish audience).
C. James views himself as a slave (doulos) of God and Jesus Christ.

II. The Perspective of Trials (v.2)
A. Christians should view trials as an opportunity for growth, which is the goal.
- “Let me summarize…It says that when a trial hits, my initial response will be a feeling, and that feeling will not be joy. But as I objectively review the situation and seek God’s point of view on my predicament, I can find facts that will turn a light on in that dark hour, enabling me to find genuine joy.”
a. The Greek words used for trial (n. peirasmos, v. peirazo), are translated both as trial and temptation in the New Testament. The context of how it is used will determine if it comes from God as a test or a solicitation to commit evil, which is temptation and therefore comes from within one’s own heart. (cf., James 1:12-13)
b. Trials are unexpected. (Lk. 10:30; Acts 27:4)
c. Trials are beyond our control. (1 Cor. 10:13; Rom. 8:28)
d. Trials are a training tool. (Heb. 12:4-11)

III. The Purpose of Trials (v.3)
A. Overcoming trials produces patience and maturity.
a. This is a prevalent N. T. concept for spiritual growth. (1 Pet. 1:6-7, Rom. 5:3-4; Job 42:5)

IV. The Product of Trials (v.4)
A. The successful completion of a trial or test produces maturity (teleios) in thought and in deed. (1Cor. 14:20; Eph. 4:13-14)
- “When James urges his readers to allow “endurance”…to have its perfect work, he means that they should allow the Lord to accomplish a complete work of endurance within them. Too often we are so eager to escape our difficulties that we seek mere relief from the trial, rather than to gain every possible spiritual benefit from it. If we say, “I cannot endure any more of this,” then God’s work of endurance within us is not perfect (Greek: teleios, “complete”). We can always endure what God allows.”

Points to ponder:
1. Trials should be viewed as an opportunity for spiritual growth.
2. Trials are an opportunity to apply God’s Word.
3. Passing the test or trial produces growth and contentment in life. No matter what we may face, we can trust that God will see us through.


David R. Anderson, Triumph through Trials: The Epistle of James (Grace Theology Press, 2013), 8.
Zane C. Hodges, Arthur L. Farstad, and Robert N. Wilkin, The Epistle of James: Proven Character through Testing (Irving, TX: Grace Evangelical Society, 1994), 19–20.