Ce fut un grand �moi dans le monde des philosophes et des lettr�s lorsque, en 1842, Cousin tira d'un sommeil de deux cents ans et publia dans le Revue le "Discours sur les passions de l'amour". On sait qu'il ne s'agit nullement d'un discours au sens qu'on attache le plus souvent � ce mot aujourd'hui, c'est-�-dire d'une suite ordonn�e de r�flexions visant un m�me objet; il s'agit d'un groupe fort confus de pens�es et d'observations sur des mati�res qui, sans �tre, au fond, �trang�res les unes aux autres, ne se rapportent pas toutes directement � l'amour. Le noeud qui lie ces fragments entre eux est parfois l�che, dissimul�, d'ailleurs, par le p�le-m�le qui les s�pare ou les rapproche au hasard. (...) Voici, en langage moderne, les sujets dont il est question dans le "Discours sur les passions de l'amour": les fins de la vie humaine, les �l�ments et l'id�al du bonheur; la d�finition g�n�rale et le classement fondamental des passions, les caract�res de l'amour humain, le r�le que la pens�e y joue; la beaut� corporelle et ses rapports avec l'�me, la physionomie; le beau et la gr�ce en g�n�ral; le go�t, l'id�al de la beaut� pour l'individu; l'oeuvre d'art; comment na�t et se communique l'amour. - Sully Prudhomme
Among the contemporaries of Descartes none displayed greater natural genius than Pascal, but his mathematical reputation rests more on what he might have done than on what he actually effected, as during a considerable part of his life he deemed it his duty to devote his whole time to religious exercises.
At 16, Pascal began designing a calculating machine, which he finally perfected when he was thirty, the pascaline, a beautiful handcrafted box about fourteen by five by three inches. The first accurate mechanical calculator was born.
Pascal was dismayed and disgusted by society's reactions to his machine and completely renounced his interest in science an mathematics, devoting the rest of his life to God. He is best known for his collection of spiritual essays, Les Pensees.
Ironically, Pascal, who was a genius by any measure, with one of the finest brains of all time, died of a brain hemorrhage at the age of 39.
Among the contemporaries of Descartes none displayed greater natural genius than Pascal, but his mathematical reputation rests more on what he might have done than on what he actually effected, as during a considerable part of his life he deemed it his duty to devote his whole time to religious exercises.
He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a Tax Collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli.
In 1646, he and his sister Jacqueline identified with the religious movement within Catholicism known by its detractors as Jansenism. Following a mystical experience in late 1654, he had his "second conversion", abandoned his scientific work, and devoted himself to philosophy and theology. His two most famous works date from this period: the Lettres provinciales and the Pensees.
In honor of his scientific contributions, the name Pascal has been given to the SI unit of pressure, to a programming language, and Pascal's law (an important principle of hydrostatics), and as mentioned above, Pascal's triangle and Pascal's wager still bear his name.
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