This letter is truly the most important piece in the New Testament. It
is purest Gospel. It is well worth a Christian's while not only to
memorize it word for word but also to occupy himself with it daily, as
though it were the daily bread of the soul. It is impossible to read or
to meditate on this letter too much or too well. The more one deals
with it, the more precious it becomes and the better it tastes.
Therefore I want to carry out my service and, with this preface,
provide an introduction to the letter, insofar as God gives me the
ability, so that every one can gain the fullest possible understanding
of it. Up to now it has been darkened by glosses [explanatory notes and
comments which accompany a text] and by many a useless comment, but it
is in itself a bright light, almost bright enough to illumine the
entire Scripture.
Martin Luther changed the course of Western civilization by initiating the Protestant Reformation. As a priest and theology professor, he confronted indulgence salesmen with his 95 Theses in 1517. Luther strongly disputed their claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms meeting in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor.
Luther taught that salvation is a free gift of God and received only by grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin, not from good works. His theology challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.
His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.
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