“قال توما الإكويني عن الألم، مثلما قال أرسطو قبله عن الشعور بالخزي، أنه ليس شيئاً جيداً في حد ذاته، بل شيئاً قد يكون له خير معين في ظروف معينة. هذا يعني أنه إذا كان الشر موجوداً، فإن الألم في إدراكه للشر، حيث أن هذا نوع من المعرفة، هو خير نسبياً؛ لأن البديل هو أن تكون النفس جاهلة بالشر، أو جاهلة بأن الشر مناقض لطبيعتها، و كما يقول الفيلسوف، "أي منهما سيء بشكل واضح". و أنا أعتقد، أننا رغم أننا نقشعر من ذلك، إلا أننا نتفق معه.”
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Clive Staples Lewis was born in Ireland, in Belfast on 29 November 1898. His mother was a devout Christian and made efforts to influence his beliefs. When she died in his early youth her influence waned and Lewis was subject to the musings and mutterings of his friends who were decidedly agnostic and atheistic. It would not be until later, in a moment of clear rationality that he first came to a belief in God and later became a Christian.
C. S. Lewis volunteered for the army in 1917 and was wounded in the trenches in World War I. After the war, he attended university at Oxford. Soon, he found himself on the faculty of Magdalen College where he taught Mediaeval and Renaissance English.
Throughout his academic career he wrote clearly on the topic of religion. His most famous works include the Screwtape Letters and the Chronicles of Narnia. The atmosphere at Oxford and Cambridge tended to skepticism. Lewis used this skepticism as a foil. He intelligently saw Christianity as a necessary fact that could be seen clearly in science.
"Surprised by Joy" is Lewis's autobiography chronicling his reluctant conversion from atheism to Christianity in 1931.